Abbo (fl. 9th cent.), historian, monk of Saint-Germain des Pres, 254 ; quoted, 261, 271 Abbot, Archbishop, his mishap with a crossbow, 52 Abott's  Hospital, Guildford, origin of, 52 Abulfaragio (1226-1286), Arab historian, and siege of Acre, 261 Abulfeda (1273-1331), Arab historian, cited, 314 n. Acre, trebuchet used at capture of, 314 Agincourt : range of longbow used at, 22 ; references to, 32, 46 Ainslie, Sir Robert, records of Turkish archery procured by, 28, 29 Ala'uddin Khilji, bags of gold projected from engines by at the siege of Delhi (1296), 315 Albert, Archduke, at meeting of crossbowmen, 229 Alexis I., Emperor, history of alluded to, 57 n. Alteneck, Heffner, author of a book on medieval costumes (1840-1854), illustration from, 132 Ammianus Marcellinus (fl. 4th cent.), historian, 254, 257 ; quoted, 261 n. Antwerp, Society of Crossbowmen in, 206 Appollodorus of Damascus (60-130), architect and engineer, 254 Appian (98-161), historian, 254 ; quoted, 261 n.  Arbalestina, description and use of, 9 Archimedes (287-212 B.C.) siege engines invented by, 265, 266 and n.; death of, 267 Ariosto (1474-1533),  Italian poet, cited, 12 Arquebus, earliest form of, 41 Arrow throwing : skill of throwers, 243 ; shape and weight of arrows used, 244 ; how arrow thrown, 244, 245 ; experiment in, 246 Arrows : Turkish, 26 ; makers of in Spain, 154 , Chinese, 241 Ascalon, siege of (1191), crossbow used at, 3 Athenaeus (fl. 200 B.C.), military author, 254 Auberoche, treatment of envoy at siege of, 272 Aylesford, Lord, long shot by, with a bow, 27 Aymard, M., and Roman bas-reliefs, 43

Back Sight : of a crossbow ; position of, 170 ; Continental, 205 ; Belgian, 214 Baldi, Bernardino (17th cent.), editor of work on Siege engines, 254 Ballista : original use of windlass with , 90 n. resemblance to crossbow , 249 and n. ; projectiles used with 249, 250, 301, 307 ; source of power, 250, 301 ; list of authorities on, 253 sqq ; various occasions on which used, 261 sqq ; range of, 276 sqq ; comparison with crossbow, 301 ; the skein, 303 ; advantage of, over catapult , 303 ; construction of, 306, 307 Banks, Sir Joseph (1744- 1820), naturalist, and Turkish archery, 28 Barker, crossbow maker, 179 Bastard string of a crossbow : necessity and use of, 114, 184, 191 ; how to remove, 116 ; clamps employed with, 185 ; material of which composed, 185, 187 ; method of fixing, 187 Bayeux Tapestry, referred to, 31, 44 Bedewyne, Sir Walter de (14th cent), letter by, quoted, 261 Bedford Castle, catapults used at siege of, 270 Belgian target crossbow : various uses for, 206, 207 ; lock of, 210 sqq ; sights, 213, 214 ; method of aiming, 214 groove for bolt,  214 ; the lever, 215 sqq ; with barrel, 219 Bellay, Guillaume de (1491-1543), French general and historian, cited, 39, 48 Belt claw : made of fitting to the string illustrated, 31, 77 sqq referred to, 64 ; description and mode of using, 77, 78 Berkeley Castle and church ; safety of former from assault by bowmen, 23 Berners, Lord (1474-1532), translator of Froissart, 254, 278 Bird : bolt used for shooting at, 218 ; construction of Belgian, 221n. ; used at Dresden competitions, 234 ; size and weight of, 234. See also Popinjay